Thursday, June 23, 2011

Thailand rejects Cambodia’s conditions to defer Preah Vihear management plan



PARIS, June 23 – Thailand has refused to accept a draft resolution proposed by Cambodia with conditions that the consideration on the Preah Vihear management plan could be postponed until next year if Thailand allows international observers into the contested area around the temple and restoration of the ancient Hindu temple damaged in recent border clashes, according to the head of Thailand’s delegation to UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee (WHC) meeting.



Thai Natural Resources and Environment Minister Suwit Khunkitti heading the Thai delegation at the heritage committee's 35th session at the agency’s Paris headquarters told reporters that a representative of UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova gave Cambodia’s draft resolution to Thailand on Wednesday. Cambodia stated in its draft that Thailand fired at Preah Vihear temple and caused damage to the ruins. Thailand refutes the claim.



Thailand resolved that the Cambodia’s conditions were unacceptable after it reviewed details of the draft, according to Mr Suwit.



The Thai team is scheduled to meet the UNESCO director-general’s representative again at 11pm Thursday (Thailand time).



Thailand wants the meeting to defer considering the Cambodian management plan until the International Court of Justice (ICJ) rules on its complaint, and not until Thailand and Cambodia finish demarcating the common border.



Ties between the neighbours have been strained since Preah Vihear temple was granted UN World Heritage status in July 2008.



In April, Cambodia asked the court to clarify its1962 ruling on the ancient Hindu temple on its disputed border with Thailand following recent deadly armed clashes between the two neighbouring countries.



The world court, based in The Hague, ruled in 1962 that the temple belonged to Cambodia, but both Phnom Penh and Bangkok claim ownership of a 4.6-square-kilometre (1.8-square-mile) surrounding area. (MCOT online news)


ambodian Gold Rush Lures Foreign Giants

A Cambodian man looking for gold at O A Cambodian man looking for gold at O'Clor village in Mondulkiri province, some 550 kilometers northeast of Phnom Penh. (AFP Photo)






O'Clor, Cambodia. Squinting in the harsh midday sun, Ry Kuok emerges slowly with a bag of rocks on his back from a hand-dug mine in a remote corner of Cambodia known as the "Gold Forest".

He's one of hundreds of prospectors searching for the yellow metal in the isolated village of O'Clor in northeast Mondulkiri province, where a modern-day gold rush is threatened by the arrival of foreign mining giants.

On a good day, the 29-year-old can earn about $12.50. Not bad in a country where a third of the population survives on less than a dollar a day.

The work is dangerous, difficult — and completely illegal.

Carried out by tens of thousands of Cambodians across the impoverished country, the practice has been quietly tolerated by the government for decades.

But that is about to change as companies move in and invest millions of dollars to develop a gold mining industry, leaving no room for illegal prospectors.

"I don't expect we can mine here for much longer," said Kuok as he sifted through his dirty rocks looking for any glints of gold.

"We have been told that a company has bought the area and we are not allowed to dig deeper tunnels."

Cambodia is known to host at least 19 gold deposits that have attracted the interest of mining firms from Australia, China, South Korea and Vietnam.

Industry experts estimate the country is about five years away from large-scale gold extraction but the true extent of the nation's gold assets remains unclear.

In what was hailed as a promising discovery, Australian miner OZ Minerals last year announced a 605,000-ounce gold find in Mondulkiri province but it recently said further drilling projects had disappointed.

Even so, Richard Stanger, president of the Cambodian Association of Mining and Exploration Companies, said the mining industry "could be a major contribution to the economy of Cambodia in the future."

The illegal O'Clor mine is located in Prey Meas, which translates as the "Gold Forest", and is a treacherous five-hour drive from the province's main town of Sen Monorom.

Stripped of its vegetation to make way for a large pit, the mining village's brown, barren landscape is dotted with wooden shacks, piles of litter and shallow pools — a sharp contrast to the green and hilly surroundings.

But to miners like Kuok, whose family moved to the area in 1981, it is home. For now.

The government has granted a Chinese firm the rights to search for the precious metal in the forest and it has already begun its exploration work right next to the O'Clor mine, which lies in the firm's concession area.

A guard at the site said the company's name was Rong Chheng but few details have been made public about the firm or its concession agreement, a lack of transparency that critics say is typical for the country's mining sector.

"There is still very little information about the process of allocation of mining rights in Cambodia and what payments are made for their receipt," said George Boden from environmental watchdog Global Witness.

Gold prices have struck record highs on international markets and even broke through the $1,500 an ounce barrier in April as investors sought a safe haven in the face of economic uncertainty and high inflation.

Most of the illegal miners in the "Gold Forest" earn several hundred dollars a month selling their specks of gold to local traders, income that has been boosted by the soaring bullion price.

"We can survive because gold is expensive now," said 51-year-old Sum Sokhon, raising his voice over the noise of his stone-crushing machine.

But life in an illegal gold mine town is far from easy. "The area is so dirty," said Sokhon. "We worry about our health. People get sick a lot."

Hazardous materials such as mercury or cyanide are often used in the gold extraction process in illegal mines and can pose serious health risks, said Glenn Kendall, an advisor for the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in Cambodia.

The chemicals can cause anything from headaches to damage to the nervous system, according to experts.

There are also few safety measures in place and mine blasts and tunnel collapses have claimed lives in O'Clor over the years.

"Small-scale mining is a dangerous occupation," said Kendall, adding that the choice to become an illegal miner was usually driven by poverty.

He said the fate of the illegal workers was in the hands of the government, but with the right regulation, small--scale miners could co-exist with the professional mining companies.

Kong Pisith, chief of Mondulkiri's industry, mining and energy office, said the "Gold Forest" miners would eventually have to halt their activities.

"When the extraction starts, they can't mine here anymore. They may become workers for the companies or they will have to change jobs," he said.

Prospectors like Sokhon fear the Chinese mining firm will reap the rewards of their hard work.

"Cambodian people found the gold, but the company is getting the gold," he said.

Thursday, May 26, 2011

Annual Forum at Ohio University Attracts Wider Audience

Photo: VOA Khmer

Dr. Chhany Sak-Humphry, a Cambodian language professor, talks about Khmer language teaching in Hawaii during the 3rd Annual Khmer Studies Forum at Ohio University on Friday, April 29, 2011. She is among the more than one hundred participants who have gathered for the two-day conference which has seen increased popularity.

“Because there are only three Cambodians on campus, and no student association, this forum can help open the eyes of international students about Cambodia..."

After three years, Ohio University’s Khmer Studies Forum has evolved into a full-fledged conference. Last month, around 100 people gathered at the forum to discuss a variety of Cambodian topics, reflecting an increased interest compared to previous years.

Christine Su, assistant director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies​ at the university, told VOA Khmer the forum had grown into a two-day event, “and not only does it include Ohio University students, but also people interested in Khmer studies from all over the country.”

This year’s conference saw participants from the cities of Boston, New York and Seattle and states as far away as California and Hawaii, she said.

Su, whose father is Cambodian, said the main purpose is to provide opportunities for anyone interested in discussing Cambodian issues, either historical or contemporary.

Topics ranged from the teaching of Khmer language in Hawaii to the use of mobile phones for distance learning in rural Cambodia.

Language, literature, migration, identity, justice for and healing from the Khmer Rouge, technology and development were all discussed. Issues for Cambodian-Americans, including the US policy of forced deportations, were also included.

And although the event was held on the university campus, many guests came from outside academe, including writers, students and community activists.

Him Chanrithy, author of the award-winning memoir “When Broken Glass Floats,” gave the keynote address. She told VOA Khmer this year’s forum was the best she had been to, citing its broad range of topics and guests.

Trent Walker, an American research fellow at the Center for Buddhist Studies at Stanford University, said the forum encouraged him to continue with Cambodian studies.

“When I was studying at Stanford and other places, I was the only one who majored in Khmer studies, so others couldn’t understand my research,” he said. “But when I am at this forum, I meet many people, Cambodians and other nationals, that share an interest for Khmer studies.”

Huyen Nguyen, a Vietnamese master’s student at Ohio University, said she learned about the event from a Cambodian friend. She decided to talk about love affairs in the Cambodian folktale “Tum Teav” and presented a Vietnamese folktale that many in the Cambodian audience may have been unaware of, a story called “The Durian Tale,” which tells about an 18th-century relationship between a Cambodian woman and a Vietnamese man.

She had come in part as a neighbor to Cambodia, she said.

“I want to show how much I admire their culture, and I want to have mutual understanding between the Vietnamese and Cambodian people,” she said.

Only two Cambodian students are enrolled at the university. One of them, Borei Sylyvan, a master’s student in communications and development, presented a documentary on a Cambodian orphanage.

“Because there are only three Cambodians on campus, and no student association, this forum can help open the eyes of international students about Cambodia, as well as allowing me to meet other Cambodians,” he said.

Tanvir Tanim, a Bangladeshi master’s student in mechanical engineering, said he was impressed that a small number of Cambodians had been able to organize the event. Him Chanrithy’s talk about the Khmer Rouge resonated with a similar tragic history in his country, he said.

Paige Alexis Walters, an American student, said she had read “When Broken Glass Floats” and wanted to hear its author speak. She was pleasantly surprised with the rest of the forum, she said, and planned to come again.

“I really enjoyed it,” she said. “It’s so refreshing to be around people who are interested in global topics and who are so informed about a region of the world that I have no idea about.”

Donald Jameson, a US diplomat in Cambodia during the 1970s who discussed the country’s “bumpy” development, said the forum’s popularity reflected an increased academic interest in a country growing more stable.

However, he said, that interest goes unmatched in Washington, except in geopolitical discussions, such as China’s expanding influence or the conflict on the Thai border.

The conference wrapped up with presentation in Cambodian cooking, fashion and martial arts.

Su said she was happy the forum went well and had heard more Cambodian students will be coming next year. So it looks like there will be a fourth.

Team Finds Widespread Cluster Munitions Near Border

Chun Sakada, VOA Khmer | Phnom Penh

Photo: AP

A Cambodian army soldier takes photographs of the damaged section of Cambodia's famed Preah Vihear temple, a UNESCO World Heritage site, in Preah Vihear province.

“Between 5,000 and 10,000 people will be directly impacted by the cluster munitions.”

The Cambodian Mine Action Center has found more than 300 hectares of land peppered with cluster munitions, believed to be fired by Thailand during border fighting in February.

Clearance of the unexploded ordnance could take up to a year or more, demining officials said, following an assessment of the area by CMAC and Norwegian People’s Aid.

“We are searching for more areas affected with submunitions of cluster munitions,” CMAC Secretary-General Heng Ratana told VOA Khmer Wednesday.

Jan Erik Stea, program manager for mines at Norwegian People’s Aid, told reporters Wednesday the munitions were found druing a two-day assessment in April. Twelve areas, including four in villages, spread over more than 1.5 million square meters in Preah Vihear province’s Choam Khsant district were identified, he said.

“Between 5,000 and 10,000 people will be directly impacted by the cluster munitions,” he said. “They have small submunitions between the houses, which is of course a danger for the people living there.”

Two types of submunitions—M42 and M85—were identified, he said.

Cambodian activist says UN risks failing Khmer Rouge victims

Phnom Penh - A Cambodian rights activist warned the United Nations on Wednesday it would fail the victims of the Khmer Rouge unless it ensured that two controversial cases at the war crimes tribunal were properly investigated.

Ou Virak, president of the Cambodian Center for Human Rights, made his comments in a public letter to Clint Williamson, who acts as liaison between UN headquarters and the government, during his trip to Phnom Penh.

Ou Virak's comments come amid fears the UN is working to shut down the third and fourth cases at the behest of the government. Prime Minister Hun Sen has long said he would not permit either case to go to trial, citing a risk of civil war.

Ou Virak, whose father was killed by the Khmer Rouge, warned against any decision to close the UN-backed tribunal at the conclusion of its second case, which is due to start on June 27.

'If such a decision is indeed effected, it will fatally undermine the integrity of the (tribunal) and the justice which it seeks to dispense in all cases, including Cases 001 and 002,' he wrote.

In its first case, the tribunal last year convicted the Khmer Rouge's head of security, Comrade Duch, of war crimes and crimes against humanity. The court's second case is against four senior surviving leaders of the movement.

The next two cases reportedly involve five former members thought responsible for tens of thousands of deaths during 1975-79.

But observers have said political opposition and UN inaction mean they have little chance of getting to trial.

Ou Virak singled out the tribunal's international investigating judge, Siegfried Blunk, a German national, whose office closed the file in the third case last month without interviewing the suspects or investigating alleged crime sites.

Subsequent public comments by the international prosecutor, Andrew Cayley, seemed to confirm long-standing rumours that Blunk's office had done little work on the case.

Ou Virak said that while the government's opposition to cases three and four was well-known, Blunk's role as the international investigating judge 'is a matter of utmost concern.'

'(Blunk's) actions raise the question of whether the United Nations has conceded to the demands of the (Cambodian government) and is now acting to prevent any further cases from going to trial and to ensure the closure of the (tribunal) with the conclusion of Case 002,' he wrote.

Both the tribunal and UN headquarters have refused to answer questions about the controversial cases. When asked earlier this month whether the court was trying to bury cases three and four, Blunk, who took up his post in December, responded with a threat.

'The use of the word 'bury' is insolent, for which you are given leave to apologize within two days,' Blunk wrote in an email without specifying a penalty.

Blunk has since refused to answer any questions from the German Press Agency dpa.

The UN has also repeatedly refused to answer any questions on the next cases.

Case Four is still with the investigating judges' office, which is led jointly by Blunk and Cambodian judge You Bunleng.

More than 2 million people are thought to have died during the Khmer Rouge's rule of Cambodia.

Cambodian Experts to Join ICJ's Hearing on Preah Vihear Temple Issue


PHNOM PENH: Cambodia will send a team of experts to join the public hearing on the issue of Preah Vihear temple at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on May 30-31 in Hague, The Netherlands, according to a press release on Thursday.

The team will be led by Cambodian deputy Prime Minister Hor Namhong, minister of foreign affairs and international cooperation, China's Xinhua news agency cited the ministry's statement.


"The public hearing will focus on the conservatory measures for Preah Vihear Temple," it added.

The upcoming public hearing is held after Cambodia, on April 28, submitted a request to the Court for interpretation of the Court's judgment of 1962 on the case concerning the temple of Preah Vihear temple.

Also, it submitted a request to the ICJ to take conservatory measures for the temple.

"Cambodia considered conservatory measures as unavoidable for engendering a permanent ceasefire between Cambodia and Thailand over border dispute, thus stopping the loss of lives and preserving the temple of Preah Vihear temple from serious damages, until the interpretation of the ICJ's 1962 judgment is finalized," said the statement of the ministry of foreign affairs on April 29.

The ICJ awarded Preah Vihear temple to Cambodia in 1962 and the temple was enlisted as a World Heritage Site on July 7, 2008.

The border conflict between Cambodia and Thailand occurred just a week after the enlistment as Thailand claims the ownership of 4. 6 square kilometers of scrub next to the temple.

Since then, both sides have built up military forces along the border and periodic clashes have happened, resulting in the deaths of troops and civilians on both sides.

Thailand border case to ICJ Monday

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has asked the Thai government to present its case on the issue of the Preah Vihear temple ruins next Monday, Foreign Ministry spokesman Thani Thongphakdi said on Thursday.

The Cambodian government has asked the ICJ to interpret its 1962 verdict on the ownership of Preah Vihear and the disputed surrounding area.

The court ruled in 1962 that Preah Vihear temple was on Cambodian soil, but its ruling was not clear about ownership of the immediately surrounding, disputed area of 4.6 square kilometres. Thai and Cambodian troops have clashed repeatedly as each side attempted to assert sovreignty.

Mr Thani said the court is expected to spend up to two years considering Cambodia's case.

Cambodia has also asked the ICJ to issue an injunction ordering Thailand to withdraw Thai troops from the disputed area around the Preah Vihear Temple.

The ICJ is expected to rule on the injunction request next month, said Mr Thani.

 
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